Entertainment For Lively Minds
Prolific Authors, Am I Right To Be Suspicious?
I like authors to take their time and write something worthwhile. I'm deeply suspicious of anyone who can churn out big thick books, one after the other, once a year. How can the quality control be there? How is it physically possible for Stephen King to write and revise about 1000 pages of fiction every year? How can he come up with new characters and stories that aren't just tired retreads of what he's already written? I've never read a Stephen King novel but can he really "keep it up" consistently when he's so prolific?
It's borderline "acceptable" when someone like Julian Barnes publishes a new 200-300 page book every two years. I can see how it can be done without major artistic compromise (and some of his books feel like writing done for the sake of it, Looking At The Sun being a particularly DOA book).
I feel much happier with less prolific writers. It feels right when a 40 year publishing career yields only seven or so books.
I recently read a chick-lit book called Getting Rid Of Matthew by Jane Fallon. It was a very, very good book with a well realised story and proper characters. So I got my hands on her follow up book Got You Back, published one year later. The decline in quality is shocking. It's not bad, it's just so mundane and sketchily realised with a broader, more simplistic and streamlined story and characters who are just a name, a job, a wardrobe and a physical description. It's like a cartoon bled of any hint of real life. I quit round about page 200 as it felt like a waste of time continuing, even though it was not a bad book. I assume the first book was either written, or at least gestated, over many years. Suddenly it's a success and the follow up is demanded ASAP, and so we get the half digested, half thought out paint by numbers follow up.
Have you ever followed a writer through fifteen or more books and enjoyed the majority of them? Can quantity mean quality?
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I think it's a different mindset
Readers of prolific authors, consciously or otherwise, seem to treat the yearly arrival of a new book more like the latest edition of a magazine, rather than a discrete literary event, hence people talking about having read "the new King", or "the new Grisham", rather than mentioning it by name, because the author is the "brand." Readers don't expect every "issue" to be mind-blowing, they just hope to be entertained in the author's accepted style, and if it's not up-to-snuff, well never mind, there'll be another one next year. I can't help thinking of Woody Allen - every year, like clockwork, a new movie.
William Goldman in "Adventures In The Screen Trade", mentions a dinner conversation with James Clavell (author of "Shogun" et al). Goldman (who says he actually hates writing) asks Clavell how he can even start writing a new novel when he knows he has 1,000 pages ahead of him, and Clavell says, "Every time I start a book, I'm convinced this will finally be the short one... then 6 months later, I find I've written another 1,000 pages."
Iain Banks...
...was incredibly consistent for a number of years, publishing regularly and writing novels which veered from first rate sci-fi to gothic horror.
However, there's definitely been a marked decline in quality over the last few years. Possibly down to burn-out.
i have a vague memory...
... of him being told to slow down by his publisher and produce something every two years rather than annually (sci-fi in year one, 'mainstream' in year two, repeat ad infinitum) ... but he is 56 next month and has acknowledged that annual production is tougher as you get older
"marked decline in quality"? hmm, i thought the Algebraist (2004) was pretty good
I've not read...
...The Algebraist - I'll give it a go.
The last three I did read, The Business, Song Of Stone and Dead Air were all disappointing. Actually gave up on the last one, something I rarely do.
Matter
was fantastic.
I like all the sci-fi ones. The only non sci-fi I read was The Business which was pedestrian.
A few
Given that you're happy to consider someone like Stephen King who has entirely happily described himself as something along the lines of "the literary equivalent of McDonalds", then I can't see any reason why you should particularly doubt author's ability to keep up the consistency. I imagine Barbara Cartland's 700-novels were of entirely consistant quality, for example...
Neither Robert Rankin nor Terry Pratchett have pretentions to being highbrow, but I enjoy both and would say that they've maintained generally consistent standards, despite turning out at least a novel a year, most years. John Updike was considered to be a fairly highbrow fellow, and he was extremely prolific. Mark Twain didn't exactly drag his heels either.
Though a Brill Building approach might not seem likely to produce consistant work, some of their songwriters turned out many of our classics, so I'm not sure it's a reliable indicator.
Writers who spend two years writing a book
don't spend two years writing a book. They fanny about for a year-and-a-half then start writing when the deadline looms, or when they need the delivery money, whichever comes first.
An author should be able to write about 2,000 new words a day, as well as revise what he or she has written the previous day. Most books are around 100,000 words -- obviously King's are way bigger than this -- but that still means about three months actual writing time, so an author should be able to comfortably write and deliver a manuscript in four months.
2,000 new words a day?
As someone once said to Kerouac - "That's not writing, that's typing..."
:-)
I think Capote said that
about Mailer
You are correct about Capote (which I had forgotten)
but a quick Google suggests he was talking about On The Road.
I think Capote was actually quite industrious.
Which is, after all, what it's all about -- pulling your finger out and getting on with it.
Generally speaking it's the writers with the biggest advances and the fewest ideas whose books have the longest gestation period. They can afford to piss about for a couple of years before taking the lid off their pen, and they don't have a burning desire to tell the next story.
Yes.
I think I just posted that 'cos it is a neat little quip, I actually think your 2000 words a day is a reasonable work rate. I have tried to write and it comes painfully slowly... I'm just envious of those for whom it flows!
Capote hung around on the Stones 1972 US tour
and reported back to Life that he didn't see anything to write about so he wouldn't be filing a story.
Nothing to write about? On the 1972 Stones tour? Cocksucker Blues! STP! The height of rock and roll depravity!
Always happy to have an excuse to tell the story about...
... Gore Vidal giving Norman Mailer's latest novel a critical roasting, after which, the next time they're in the same room together at a party, Mailer punches Vidal in the face, knocking him to the ground.
Vidal's immortal response: "Once again, words fail Norman Mailer."
Alexander McCall Smith
I have read an interview in which it was said that AMcCS writes 1000 words an hour and publishes the first draft. The same interviewer went to have a look at the wall chart over his desk while he was making the tea, because she was curious about what seemed to be a gap in his hectic schedule.
She found that the 'gap' actually contained one message: 'April 1-10: leave free to write Number One Ladies book'.
I have read only one of his books...
... it was a Number One Ladies book.
The title eludes me, but the plot was "rich woman with three or four suiters goes to Precious Ramotswe and asks her to investigate their backgrounds to see who was a likely gold digger." Fair enough, fun and frothy I'm sure you'll agree.
The problem was he gave up actually writing the book. In what must be the worst cop out I have ever read, after only one (or two) were investigated the rich woman went to Precious, announced she liked one of the guys and the marriage took place, ending the story completely. I was really pissed off by this and I've never read anything by him since.
Alexander McCall Smith
I'm not a fan of the Number One Ladies books either, but I like the rest of McCall Smith's work. He does often show signs of haste, but once you accept that the books are character rather than plot driven they're a joy (though this obviously presents a problem in crime novels).
The Two and a Half Pillars of wisdom books are worth a read, as are the Scotland Street collections, but best of all are the Isabel Dalhousie series. I think what I like most about them is that, unlike most fiction, they portray the basic truths that most people are nice most of the time and that the most valuable quality you can have is kindness.
but once you accept that the
See also Raymond Chandler. Now just who did kill the Chauffeur?
Writer envy
Iain Rankin has joked that he hates Alexander McCall Smith because every day he walks one of his kids to school past AMS's house - and AMS is always already there typing away. Makes IR feel he is slacking.
PG Wodehouse produced two books a year for 50 years
as well as magazine articles etc.
At the other extreme, Anthony Powell spent 30 years writing 'A Dance To The Music Of Time'.
I'm not convinced that there's necessarily a correlation between rate of writing and quality.
As LOUD rightly said, undoubtedly some new writers suffer from 'second album syndromes; as with musicians, some people only have one book/record in them.
I'm sure there's not a correlation.
Many writers -- especially those from a journalistic background -- would say they write better at speed and under pressure. Then there's boredom to contend with; nobody wants to be wrestling with the same material for years on end. And anyway, once it's in your head you want it out, otherwise it rots in there, it gets stale, it stops exciting you or making you laugh or whatever it's supposed to do, and you start doubting it; plus, of course, you have an exciting new idea you want to work on next. Added to that, a book is a massive thing to carry around in your head and when authors are writing a book, that's all they think about, night and day, it completely takes over. You can't sustain that kind of concentration on one project for very long. You'd go mad.
I have developed a very bad
I have developed a very bad Michael Connolly http://www.michaelconnelly.com/ habit. He has written 21 novels in 17 years and while always at least readable, they do vary greatly in quality. The early books are noticably worse than his more recent work, probably a result of the former crime reporter "re-training" as a crime fiction writer in public.
That said, the plot of his most recent book 9 Dragons is a bit silly, with an exotic location (Hong Kong) and some pretty pointless action scenes which seem little more than an attempt to get Hollywood to finally film one of his Detective Harry Bosch novels (so far only Blood Work, which doesn't feature Bosch, has been adapted for the screen).
I like the books because they usually pretty well written (I'm currently reading The Closers and the over use of the word "gotten" in both narrative and dialogue is beginning to grate), the police proceedure side of things comes across as realistic and the characters have a bit of depth and interact in a believable way, all of which I think are necessary elements for an enjoyable crime story.
So in answer to your question, yes Connolly is prolific, yes the quality can vary, no the books won't change your life but if you enjoy police proceedural crime fiction then he's one of the better writers around at the moment.
(BTW Void Moon, one of his non-Bosch novels is a real stand out and features an extended description of a break-in to a Las Vegas hotel room which is really gripping and beautifully written).
I really liked
the Clint Eastwood film of Blood Work. It was very mediocre but it floated my boat. I was interested enough to look up Void Moon on Amazon, but the description and reviews have put me off it.
We should agree to disagree
I think the early Bosch books are his best work. He had a lapse for a few years that resulted in much mediocre to very poor work but he picked up again around the time of Lost Light.
I can't decide which I think is his worst novel, it's either Angel's Flight or your favourite Void Moon.
I enjoyed The Concrete
I enjoyed The Concrete Blonde which is his third novel so we're not totally at odds. I read Void Moon after ODing on Bosch so it came as some welcome contrast which may be why I enjoyed it so much.
Michael Connelly etc
I've read every last one of his and I didn't notice any significant variation in quality, but if pressed would certainly taken his older novels over the later ones. Nine Dragons was OK although Harry Bosch seemed much less effected by the major death than I would have expected of the character. The only notable failure was the book The Overlook that he extended from what was originally a newspaper only story.
If you like Michael Connelly, I can strongly recommend Robert Crais, Lee Child, Dennis Lehane and James lee Burke.
Thanks for the recs, very
Thanks for the recs, very handy.
Some really good prolific writers have a formula as well.
Jeeves and Wooster is pretty much always same book, different gags, but as its always a good book and good gags no one worries. The Flashman books are always "Flashy has to flee the UK, ends up entangled in some colonial mess, meets crazy historical figures and nubile women, gets in a mess, survives" and they're none the worse for that.
I think writers with a series of books need to be prolific but the good ones thrive. Hell even Updike had Bech and Rabbitt and Roth has Nathan Zuckerman; even the literary ones seem to have fallback characters.
James Patterson
seems to have a new book out every month. Many are co-written and he published 9 in 2009. How does that work? He already has 5 for pre-order on his website taking him up to June. Admittedly not great literature but the books shift in millions.
I gather James Patterson is more a brand these days
JP himself now limits himself to thinking up storylines and a team of writers write the books in the house style.
It's not really any different to (say) teams of animators drawing The Simpsons to Matt Groening's design, or teams of artists making artworks to Damien Hirsts designs.
I suspect that he does
I suspect that he does little more than put his (brand)name to these books. Danielle Steele does/did the same I think.
Katie Price is heading the same way
although, in her case, a single writer (Rebecca Farnsworth) does almost all of the writing.
Nice lady (RF not KP)
I used to work with her years back!
Anthony Burgess
was extremely prolific over a 30 year period, often publishing two or more books in a year. Novels, non-fiction, poems, librettos, translation, journalism etc. He was nearly always worth reading, with only the occasional dip in quality (e.g. his late novel Any Old Iron was a bit below par).
Same goes for John Updike - very prolific throughout a long career - always good apart from some of the later novels.
Some of these prolific authors
also have co-writers. James Patterson is someone who knocks out alomost continuously but uses other people to "co-write" with him. How much they actually write is undisclosed. Authors like this seem to be a brand/business first and a writer second.
Quality AND quantity
I've been reading Terry Pratchett since I was about 13 at the rate of one or two a year, and while I think he may have got into a rut about 12 years or so ago (take a well-known story and Discworld it up) the last 6 or 7 have been superb. Nation (2008 I think) was a departure from his series and ostensibly a kid's book but had many profound things to say about society and religion; I think he often manages the same trick within the series too. Even when he seemed to be treading water, each book seemed chock full of fantastically inventive characters and contained more wisdom than many other supposedly more literary works.
I've no doubt that some people essentially churn out cannon fodder, but others can maintain high levels of quality despite seemingly leaving no time for actually thinking up the stuff in the first place.
Agreed on all but one point.
I actually think his "rut" has produced some great novels, and I believe a bit wittier because of what they lampoon. For example, the University's Computer (with Anthill Inside) is a highlight. As was "Interesting Times" (based on China) and "The Fifth Continent" (based on Australia). And "Going Postal" with Moist Von Lipwig (superb name) really captured a sense of place, and because of its context allowed your mind to really visualise what Pratchett's describing.
Agreed the sequel
The von Lipwig novels are superb - and also work as economics for beginners. I hope he can write the third (Raising taxes).
You're right
The Lipwig stuff was great, and I really enjoyed some of the ones I'm 'complaining' about - it wasn't so much that they were boring, it's just that I found some of the 'Macbeth in Discworld', 'Cinderella in Discworld' themes ever-so slightly repetetive. I guess I enjoyit most when he's completely unleashing his imagination.
Who am I to complain though - dozens of barely-started novels on the computer, nothing of any worth to show for it. More power to all these people who get published I say.
Julian Barnes
The only semi-prolific author I've ever tracked far enough to comment on is Julian Barnes.
Metroland (1980)
Never read it but I saw the Christian Bale movie adaptation. The film was pretty poor and it didn't suggest the book was anything more than semi-competent. For some reason the Art Brut song "Modern Art" always makes me think of the art gallery opening of this book (I read the first few pages in a bookshop once).
Before She Met Me (1982)
His best book under his own name. Straight up enjoyable and unpretentious. Has an awful out of nowhere ending though to ruin the last four or so pages.*
Flaubert's Parrot (1984)
I started it, then gave it to charity as it was so ungripping. The bits I'd read in the bookshop seemed good though.
Staring at the Sun (1986)
Terrible book. Feels like a series of writing exercises, spanning many years, that have been tied together into a plotless book. It just doesn't work. I have no idea how I finished it as it was monumental in its dullness. Can't imagine how he stayed awake to finish it when he wrote it.
A History of the World in 10½ Chapters (1989)
Some of it's brilliant. Some of it's so-so. Very little of it's rubbish. The brilliant parts are of course too short (the hijacked cruise liner) and the so-so bits seem to go on too long (the astronaut trying to find Noah's Ark). A book that's well worth reading as it's pretentiously ambitious in a reader friendly way.
Talking it Over (1991)
Decent book of no great merit. Easy to read as it's a written as monologues from three characters.
The Porcupine (1992)
Not read it. Looks dull.
Cross Channel (1996) — stories
Not read it.
England, England (1998)
Pretty poor. Nothing really happens in it.
Love, etc (2000)
Talking it Over sequel. It was okay. I think the French made a film out of it.
Arthur & George (2005)
Not read it.
Detective books as Dan Kavanagh:
Duffy (1980)
An immature mess without much of an ending. Not bad, but far from great.
Fiddle City (1981)
Good solid book.
Putting the Boot In (1985)
The solution to the Who Done It and Why? is easy to work out by the half way point. Okay overall.
Going to the Dogs (1987)
The best book Barnes wrote and the reason why I took an interest in him. It's a great country house murder story. I've re-read it about eight times.
SPOILER:
* - Badly written murder tacked on the end. Comes out of nowhere. Like an episode of Friends that somehow climaxes with Ross murdering a love rival for Rachel.
I met my husband via a copy of "England, England"
Long story. But anyway, I'll always be grateful to Mr Barnes for that.
A bit harsh on JB
I’ve read every novel and short story collection he’s written under his own name (I haven’t tried the crime fiction), and I think you’re a bit hard on him.
I agree that Staring At The Sun is forgettable (ie I can’t remember anything about it), and I wouldn’t bother with The Porcupine unless you’re interested in the mindset of Eastern European dictators (it’s about one such, recently deposed and being interrogated prior to a show trial), but otherwise I find Barnes consistently readable, and fascinating to follow from book to book.
I think Talking It Over is my favourite; he takes a hackneyed premise - a love triangle - and makes it gripping and heartbreaking by telling the story in the characters‘ own, distinctive voices.
But the main reason I like Barnes is that he’s always trying something different, experimenting with different kinds of narration and literary styles (pseudo lit crit in Flaubert's Parrot, historical fiction in Arthur & George, sci-fi in Staring At The Sun, etc). Unlike some of authors mentioned in this thread, there’s never a sense that he’s following a template. (Well, apart from Love, Etc, which is a sequel, but I’ll forgive him that.)
Seconded
I find him erudite and witty. He handles big ideas with a light touch. Maybe not much happens, in terms of exciting drama, in some of his books, but there's a lot of entertaining, thoughtful content. One of my favourite writers.
He consistently writes the best sentences
If there is any writer I'm jealous of, it's Barnes. His way of constructing sentences is obscenely, pornographically good. His writing is the creamiest, easiest, smoothest, most frictionless, never a word out of place of anyone I have ever read. My own awkward sentence construction makes me cry when I think of how he would have worded something. He is my writing hero when it comes to the nuts and bolts of putting words together in sentences and paragraphs.
The actual content of his writing is a bit shakier though. I like him obviously as I've read a lot of his books, but he's never really written a great book under his own name, in my opinion.
It is kind of remarkable that he's never really repeated himself with any of his books, apart from the obvious sequel.
Perhaps
you should read them all before you say he's never written a great one. 'Arthur and George' might make you change your mind.
He does repeat himself...
seem to remember thinking he over-uses the word "crepuscular" in a number of his novels. It just kept jarring with me.
Blimey, I've just read that back, and I sound incredibly pedantic. I mean, he writes novels, he doesn't appear on Just a Minute!!
Patrick O'Brian...
...the Aubrey/Maturin novels - an excellent series and consistently good.
Anthony Trollope's 'Barsetshire' novels are also excellent.
Stieg Larssen's 'Millennium' trilogy is also fantastic (but he won't be writing any more as he is no longer with us).
My admiration for the
Aubrey/Maturin canon knows few limits, but I could have lived without the last two.
Another O'Brian fan here
I've got halfway through the twenty, and thoroughly enjoyed them all. I'll certainly get to the end, even if the last few aren't up there with Post Captain and HMS Surprise. Trouble is, I can't get hold of number eleven, The Reverse Of The Medal. I've got the rest in second hand shops and don't want to resort to new for this one. I'll find it one of these days...
.
.
Unless you're determined to find it in an actual shop...
... there are plenty of 2nd-hand ones here, under a fiver including postage: http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/offer-listing/0006499260/ref=sr_1_olp_1?ie=UT...
And you can find pretty much any book on ABE
http://www.abebooks.co.uk/servlet/SearchResults?bt.x=0&bt.y=0&sts=t&tn=r...
Ian Rankin and Graham Hurley
Both seem to knock out fine crime novels at a once-a-year rate.
Could you apply the same idea to prolific bands? I hear there was one lot who, between 1963 and 1970, released about twelve albums which lots of people think are quite good.
I like...
...Ian Rankin a lot. I'll check out Graham Hurley. Are the Joe Faraday books the place to start?
Thanks.
The Faraday & Winter books are the beginning and end.
His other stuff is a bit weak. I always find it difficult to be objective because the books are based in Portsmouth but I love 'em.
Thanks...
...I'll definitely have a go.
Virginia Andrews does quite well...
... and she's dead.
Graham Greene
GG published 30 or so novels over some 60 years. I've not read all of them, but those I have I generally enjoyed excepting England Made Me and Heart Of The Matter (which some regard as his finest work).
My favourite of his is The Comedians, which topically in view of today's earthquake is set in Haiti.
Will Power
Shakespeare managed to rattle off 38/39 plays and some of the best poetry in the language in 22 years, and all without the benefit of a Celtx-loaded laptop.
Dickens whacked out 18 gobshite-long novels in about a quarter-century before lurgee forced him to take a well-earned break.
Trollope and Proust were so Diarrhoeaically (yeah, I know) prolific that I'm surprised they found time to wash, and Alexander Dumas seemed to be able to knock a Richard Chamberlain vehicle out in the time it took his wife to change the hoover bag.
Dickens
Much of Dickens work was written as serials and so he had his deadlines to meet. I can't recall the names of the periodicals, but I'm sure there is someone who can.
Tom Sharpe
Seem to remember Tom Sharpe published a book more a less every year until the mid 80's and that I enjoyed all of them. Not read them in ages.... I'll have to revisit......
Philip K Dick
Turned out almost forty novels, as well as lots of unpublished stuff, lost manuscripts and short stories in a writing career of about forty years. Though the quality of his early and very late work is variable, from the early sixties to the mid-seventies he was pretty regularly turning out a good novel a year, many of which are of extra-ordinary quality. I think it's safe to say none was ghostwritten and there were no sequels, recurring characters etc which surely makes writing the next one a little easer...
Patricia Highsmith
Read all her novels and short stories - they're all excellent. Most are compelling thrillers which have more psychological depth and intensity to them than the average page turner. 'The Talented Mr Ripley' is probably the most exciting unputdownable book I have ever read. I am just disappointed there aren't any more of her books.
I would also recommend Graham Greene - I've always found I can rely on him for a good read.
Turning Japanese
Might I commend the wonderful works of Haruki Murakami to you.I've never been disappointed with his novels or short stories.The author who's output I find bemusing is Neal Stephenson,I mean how does he find the time to sleep,eat or take a dump.
Jane Fallon
is the partner of Ricky Gervais. I'm sure it's his fault.
I like Peter Robinson..
..and everyone here should at least read "Piece Of My Heart"
..but for excessively prolific, you can't go past Dean Koontz, he must write one a week.
Dickens churned 'em out too.
Too many authors, not enough good editors ?
Along with Terry Pratchett and Tom Sharpe, I'm also very partial to Neal Stephenson, and one thing I've come to believe is that his mega tomes would be a good 100+ pages shorter with some judicious editing. They're great to read, but there are some awful dry spells in there. Is it a case of too many books going straight to the printers ? Or no-one brave enough to stand up to them ?
Where's Amis in all of this?
The charges of both misogyny and racism have, unfairly - I feel, become the received wisdom when talkling about Kingsley's boy. Still, I think he is utterly brilliant both in his fiction and arguably more so in his journalism. Ok, Yellow Dog is a bit of a woofer and the 'vampire red' post 9/11 stuff didn't enhance his reputation, but my word, he hasn't put many toes wrong outside of that. There's too much gold to choose from: the last page of The Information more thsn whiffs of genius, Koba the Dread is one of the finest books about Stalin you'll find and, by far my favourite, the short story The Janitor on Mars from the Heavy Water collection is breathtaking.
Friends who've interviewed him do say he's a curmudgeonly bugger though.
I read a great deal of Amis Jnr
late 80s / early 90s - was always impressed.
Your post has made me think I should check out some more recent stuff.
Me too
Think I've read all his stuff, apart from his Space Invaders book, which is hard to find. Wouldn't say he his especially prolific however. New novel out next month though.
Experience
The autobiog is very good. His cousin was a victim of Fred West, don't you know...
Aye! 'The Pregnant Widow'
Great title. The GLW pre-ordered it for Chrimbo for me.. can't wait.
John Connolly's Charlie Parker series is fantastic
They gradually lead you into the back story of Parker and his supernatural past. Along with lots of detail and really strong supporting characters these are the only books I take the trouble to track the release date of the next one. To return to the original theme, they don't come along too often.
Agreed
Connolly is very good.
Philip Roth and John Updike
Churning them out consistently...well, not Updike now, obviously...
prolific Parker
Just heard of the death of Robert B.Parker - what a shame. He churned 'em out, but they read as easily as he seemed to find it writing them. Ed McBain, Donald Westlake, and now Robert Parker ... who's left? (Lawrence Block, I suppose)
When's the sequel...
to The Bible coming out? It's been bloody ages...
Bible Sequel
Due to be published just after Revelation and the End Of Days. Dan Brown's been lined up to write the foreword...but of course Nostradamus knew this. In the meantime, can I suggest a perusal of the quite excellent 'I Hope They Serve Beer In Hell' by Tucker Max. The writing is already on the wall I fear - Banksy has had a field day.
Dan Brown
I thought his next novel was about a man trying to prove that the Bible was written by Masonic mice and dogs of the Knights Templar in the middle ages - he does this by driving around Italy getting shot at occasionally
revolutionary stuff!
Wasn't Jonathan King's autobiography called
'Bible II'?